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This paper investigates the role of government R&D subsidy programs in stimulating knowledge spillovers. R&D subsidies are an effective public policy instrument when knowledge spillovers exist yet ex ante it is difficult to identify projects that have the greatest potential to increase innovation and economic growth. This paper derives a set of project and firm attributes that the literature finds generate knowledge spillovers and uses data on project proposals to estimate the degree to which a government R&D program conforms. We find that projects that were awarded R&D subsidies were more likely to have attributes such as participation in new research joint ventures and connections to universities and other firms. Following the post-award activities of firm, we find that receipt of a government R&D subsidy increased the funding from other sources when compared to firms that were not awarded funding. 相似文献
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Cara McClain Maureen Vandermaas-Peeler 《Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning》2016,16(1):31-48
This study examined the influence of spending time outdoors on young children’s physical and socioemotional development. We observed preschoolers’ activities in two naturally provisioned outdoor environments over the course of one year. Eleven preschoolers were videotaped continuously for 16 days at a local river and 9 days at a creek adjacent to the school. In addition to the quantitative analyses of children’s behaviors, a case study of three children’s experiences over the course of the year was conducted. Both the river and the creek settings encouraged a multitude of physical and play behaviors with similar types of affordances, including flat surfaces for running, rocks for climbing and jumping off, and water for exploration and play, but the wilder environment (river) afforded more risk and personal challenges. Observations of children’s motor activities, play and responses to challenging environmental features supported the importance of accumulated experience and social context for the development of confidence in the face of risk, individual exploration and positive social support and engagement with peers. 相似文献
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Autism spectrum disorder assessment and evaluation research in 10 school psychology journals from 2007 to 2017 
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下载免费PDF全文 Maryellen Brunson McClain Tiffany L. Otero Cassity R. Haverkamp Fiona Molsberry 《Psychology in the schools》2018,55(6):661-679
School psychologists are increasingly engaged in service provisions for students eligible for special education services under the eligibility category of autism, including conducting school‐based assessments and evaluations. Evaluations occur for a variety of reasons such as special education eligibility decision‐making, treatment and intervention planning, and progress monitoring. Publications in school psychology journals emphasizing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) assessment and evaluation are vital to quality training and practitioner utilization of quality practices. In the current study, researchers conducted a systematic review of publicaftions in 10 school psychology journals from 2007 to 2017 to assess the current state of ASD assessment and evaluation research in the field of school psychology. Implications for researchers, trainers, and practitioners are discussed. 相似文献
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Negotiating Identity: A Look at the Educational Experiences of Black Undergraduates in STEM Disciplines 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Oren L. McClain 《Peabody Journal of Education》2014,89(3):380-392
The purpose of this qualitative study is to investigate the mathematics educational experiences of Black undergraduate students majoring in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines at the University of Virginia. Using Murrell's (2009) situated-mediated identity theory as the theoretical framework, this study examines factors that influence the construction of mathematics identities of these students. Findings indicate that race significantly influenced the educational experiences of these students and, consequently, the construction of their identities as mathematics learners and doers. 相似文献
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Caroline Bouchard Nathalie Bigras Gilles Cantin Sylvain Coutu Bénédicte Blain-Brière Joell Eryasa Annie Charron Liesette Brunson 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2010,37(5):371-379
The importance of encouraging language skills in early childhood has been well documented. Educators who are responsible for
children in daycare services have many opportunities to use rich and stimulating educational practices that support language
acquisition. The purpose of this study was to assess the language-support practices used by 22 educators in ECE centers with
174 children (87 girls and 87 boys) aged 55.7 months on average (SD = 4.2). The Teacher Interaction and Language Rating Scale
developed by Girolametto et al. (Teacher interaction and language rating scale, Hanen Centre, Toronto, 2000) was translated and adapted for use in French. Analyses reveal the heterogeneity of language support provided to 4-year-old
children attending early childhood education centers in Québec (Canada). Results are discussed in relation to the importance
of the educational setting and specific training on language skill development provided to educators around promoting language
skills in children, a fundamental prerequisite for educational success. 相似文献
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James L. McClain 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(3):388-404
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Brunson JL 《Journal of deaf studies and deaf education》2008,13(1):77-91
This paper uses data from open-ended, videotaped interviews with 12 deaf people to examine their experiences negotiating access during interactions with legal authorities. In every case, these deaf persons preferred an accommodation that involved the use of an American Sign Language interpreter, and in every case, these accommodations were problematic. Three major themes emerged from the informants' narratives: difficulty obtaining the desired accommodation, dealing with a problematic accommodation, and enduring a partial accommodation. These findings suggest that accommodations involving sign language interpreters are not neutral and transparent and that they often have tangible effects on the experiences of and outcomes for deaf persons in the context of dealing with legal matters. Deaf people have very little control over the accommodation they receive and yet are held fully responsible for ensuring its efficacy. These results are discussed in relation to policies and procedures for ensuring that deaf persons have full access in their interactions with American legal institutions. 相似文献
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